The school website Essay Example for Free

The school site Essay Cncs: The school site is fundamental, in spite of the fact that it clarifies the assortment measures of data for guardians and understudies, for instance year 11 understudies can access there test schedule on the landing page. While guardians can peruse through the schedule open on the site to recognize significant dates for their youngsters. Varndean: The distinction in how the symbols are utilized, for Varndean they utilized all the more productively as in contrast with Cardinal Newman, the symbols are not situated down the side of the page but instead similarly as the top and are placed into one symbol called â€Å"School†. When there is a composed framework to state what sort of data drifted over shows can be gotten to. On the first page they additionally show visual guide of the school and how understudies are educated, evaluated and the suppositions from understudies themselves. Logo Cncs: The logo for cardinal Newman joins towards the school being catholic, this is appeared as the logo is a cross speaking to a Christian image. The cross is essential as it’s a dark cross, which speaks to the religion that the school follows. Varndean: The structure of the logo is 4 dolphins in participated into 1 which speaks to the 4 houses that, the plan is extremely excellent because of the hues utilized for every dolphin functioning admirably all together. Don’t comprehend why the logo is a dolphin, I don’t see the connection between the logo and the school †no connection towards the ocean, just association is the 4 houses Letter Cncs: Letter from cardinal Newman states that’s understudies enlisted into he school should take an interest must act in classes so as to pick up imprints to get the best outcomes toward the finish of the scholarly year, Further down the page, it states if understudies required any help through courses, they should have a gathering with their instructors expressing their issues and request additional exercises when required with the end goal for understudies to either get up to speed or adapt to exercises. Letter introduced officially towards guardians of educators who are worried for their youngsters adapting to their understudies learning. Shows proper language for both understudy and educators †comprehend what should be improved and what guardians can do to help. Vardean: Language for the most part formal in introduction of the letter as itsâ associated towards guardians, anyway a few sections are casual as they are focused for the understudies to comprehend the various exercises understudies can participate in as the who message is about enhancement day for understudies. It additionally states in the letter how much the exercises will cost while expressing the assortment of exercises understudies can appreciate. The letter is anything but difficult to peruse †primary concerns re leaned to guardians and understudies. Information’s not accumulated onto letter †doesn’t bore peruser. School plan Cncs: Cardinal Newman’s plan is progressively adult for understudies and guardians, delineating photos of the day by day experience the school understudies participate in, making a thought of who the school is run and what new understudies will find. Data spread out and composed †clearing sub =headings for text. The foundation is white with the end goal for text to be simpler to peruse as composing is size 11. The outline has 24 pages, gives more insight concerning the school. Varndean: outline is excessively adolescent, the shading plan for each page is unique and there is no consistency in introduction. Various mixes of hues makes messages more diligently to peruse. Just a couple of measure of pictures †insufficient visual pictures about the school. Crowd understudies and guardians. Portions of the outline states what the kids who need to eb some portion of the school will find while being in the school. Imformation introduced in an imfromal way so its reasonable f or understudies. They don’t have tremendous throws out of infmation as they come to the heart of the matter.

Consumer Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Customer Protection - Essay Example At the point when different contenders agree to confine the opposition between them, the result is regularly an expansion in costs. Thus, value fixing is an immense worry of the Federal Trade Commission. A through and through understanding between contenders to settle at specific costs is as a rule unlawful whether or not the costs are fixed at any rate, most extreme or in a specific range. Illicit fixing of costs happens when at least two contenders make an understanding that raises, brings down or balances out the cost of any item or administration with no type of sensible clarification. Plans to fix costs are by and large grew privately and might be hard to uncover, yet the understandings can be uncovered from incidental proof. For example, if straightforwardly associated contenders have a cluster puzzling indistinguishable agreement terms or practices concerning costs alongside different variables, illicit estimating may be the explanation (Ftc.gov, 2014). At the point when the contenders are likewise welcome to organize the costs of merchandise and enterprises, concerns are raised. This additionally happens when a specific contender makes an open declaration that it is eager to stop a value war when there was earlier declaration from an alternate contender to do likewise with the terms being so specific to the point that the contenders may consider it as a welcome to set costs mutually (Ftc.gov, 2014). In any case, not all the similarities in costs or changes in costs that happen all the while are related with value fixing as interestingly, they are regularly the result of ordinary economic situations. For example, the cost of wares like wheat is the equivalent since the items are practically the equivalent and the costs charged by the ranchers increment or decline simultaneously without the ranchers fundamentally concurring among themselves. It the flexibly of the wheat decreases because of a dry spell, the costs related with all the

Class of 2022 Wait List

Class of 2022 Wait List According to the admissions professions Code of Ethics and Professional Practices, May 1 is the National Candidates Reply Date, the agreed upon date by which students reply to offers of admission. Following May 1, we take about a week to determine the state of the incoming class, and to assess how many, if any, students we will admit from our wait list. That same document (the Code of Ethics and Professional Practices) states that admissions offices may keep students on a wait list through the summer, all the way to August 1. However, our goal has always been to give every student a decision as soon as we possibly can. We want students to be able to make plans for their college enrollment with as little uncertainty as possible. Based on the higher than expected enrollment from our admitted group this year, we have found ourselves unable to admit students from the wait list without exceeding our enrollment capacity for the year. We hope to enroll 1,100 first-year students this year, and we expect that by Registration Day in September, we will be slightly above that number. As such, we are notifying all students today that they will not be admitted from the wait list. While this is neither the outcome that wait listed students or MIT were hoping forâ€"we think you are awesome!â€"we wanted to provide you with this information and closure as soon as we could. It is our loss that we will not be able to offer you admission. We hope that we might be so fortunate as to see you at MIT in the future, perhaps as a graduate student, or as a faculty member, or as an employer looking to work with our community. Thank you for all the wonderful updates that many of you have submitted. We appreciate the time and effort you have put in to letting us know how much you love MIT, and regret that we did not have more room. On behalf of the entire MIT Admissions staff, we wish you all the very best in college and beyond. We know you will make a huge impact on the world.

The Dangers of Scuba Diving and Underwater Exploration Essay

Scuba diving can be a fun activity, you just have to take certain health and safety precautions. There are lots of dangers in scuba diving, and underwater exploration. There is always the danger of a shark attack. Sharks are closer to the banks during the months of April through September. From the months of October through March, they have migrated South for the Winter. After returning from migration, sharks are often hungry and tend to feed on things other than whats on their diet. Most attacks on humans are in the months of April and March. One of the main staples on a sharks diet is a sea turtle. When a diver is in all of their gear, sharks mistake them for sea turtles. Although a shark attack is a danger, it is not very†¦show more content†¦This happens because the deeper you dive into the ocean, the higher the pressure is on your ears. Diving in high pressure for long periods of time can also cause permanent hearing loss. Diving has many pros and cons. Chambers page.2 Not everyone can dive. Diving take many months of training. Training usually lasts up to three to four months. During the first month of training, you will practice your swimming skills. An instructor will test your ability to withstand certain conditions while in the water. They will test your ability to with stand strong currents, and big waves. You will also be taught what to do if you become tired or dizzy while diving. If you do become tired or dizzy while diving, you need to lie on your back and float. During the second month of training, you will practice breathing at different pressure points, and altitude. Diving in deeper water makes it harder to breathe, and without proper training, can cause dizziness or unconsciousness. During the second month of training, you will learn about all of your scuba gear. You will learn how to put it on, and how to use it. Scuba gear can weigh up to seventy five pounds. If you arent muscular enough, the weight of the scuba gear can weigh you down, and cause you to be tired or drown. Months before training to dive you should go to a gym and try lifting weights, and improve your leg and arm muscles. (â€Å"Gear†) During the thirdShow MoreRelatedBecoming a Marine Biologists1603 Words   |  6 Pageslife. During the Renaissance period, Europeans started to explore the world. At first the exploration was about conquering the new land and traveling to different lands, but over time the explorers became curious about the ocean and what was in it. Soon explorers began to take Naturalist on their explorations to make scientific discovers about the ocean and lands. By the mid eighteen hundreds explorations were being funded solemnly for scientific research. As an alternative to working on boats whereRead More The Physics Of Scuba Diving Essay example4570 Words   |  19 PagesHave you ever wondered what it would be like to swim with the fish and explore the underwater jungle that covers two-thirds of the earths surface? I have always been interested in water activities; swimming, diving and skiing, and I felt that scuba was for me. My first dive took place while on a family vacation. I came across a dive shop offering introductory dives, which immediately caught my interest. After much convincing (my parents), with my solemn assurance that I would be careful, IRead MoreA Report On The Underwater World1833 Words   |  8 Pagesplunge. The underwater world takes on a new persona as its inhabitants are magnified through my goggles. Bubbles float up past my head as I slowly and deeply breathe through my regulator while keeping my body neutrally buoyant to prevent myself from touching the marine life below. My fins cut through the water as they attempt to propel me against the strong ocean current over large kelp forests. Fish of all shapes and sizes swim up to investigate who I am and what I am doing in their underwater world.Read MoreThe Legacy Of World War I3570 Words   |  15 Pagessank so quickly. His biggest obstacle: The Irish government, which has fought him for years over his plans to explore the wreck. It was a kiss Gregg Bemis will never forget. It happened in 2004. Bemis, 76 years old at the time, was wrapped in diving gear, floating at the bottom of the Irish Sea. He took out his mouthpiece, knelt carefully on a slab of encrusted steel, and planted a fervent if wet smooch on the hull of the Lusitania—the elegant passenger ship that was sunk by a German submarine

Do Humans Play Climate Change Or Is It Just Mother Nature

Do humans play a part in climate change or is it just mother nature? I believe that humans are play the main role in climate change. Since the Industrial age humans have played the main role in climate change because of greenhouse gases which cause the greenhouse effect. The main greenhouse gas that we emit is carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, the other greenhouse gases that we emit are methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Fluorinated gases. These greenhouse gases will absorb and re-emit some of the infrared radiation that would normally be radiated out into space. Another cause of climate change is deforestation, ever since humans started cutting the forest down the climate has changed globally. Ever since the Industrial Revolution started these greenhouse gases: Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide(N2O) have increased dramatically. These gases have been emitted into the atmosphere at an excelled rate, once these gases hit the atmosphere they will absorb the radiation emitted from the sun and re-emit this radiation which means it will take longer to reflect back into space which can cause a rise or drop in the temperature. These gases are emitted from the factories that were built in Great Britain during this age in time. These factories emitted one of the major greenhouse gases, CO2, this gas was emitted from burning the fossil fuel known as oil. This oil would be burned and the smoke that contained Carbon Dioxide would be sent through the largeShow MoreRelatedThe Alarming and Troublesome Global Warming Issue 1407 Words   |  6 Pageshas been one of the most challenging problems our society has encountered and people dont acknowledge that our climate change is becoming worse as the time goes by. Climate change which is said to be the regular or ordinary weather in an environment consists of patterns like seasons and temperature. Climate patterns play such an important role in constructing an essential ecosystem, human economies and cultures that rely on them has raised the surface of the worlds oceans in recent decades by meltingRead MoreVolcanic Eruptions Can Have On The Ozone Layer1325 Words   |  6 Pagesyou tend to think about is car emissions or large nuclear power plants killing the ozone layer. However, you never think about natural causes of climate change such as solar activity or volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can impact global climate change drastically, and play a much larger role than expected. â€Å"Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing† (Sigl, Winstrup, McConnell, Welten, PlunkettRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1715 Words   |  7 PagesAt the GLACIER Conference, President Obama said, â€Å"climate change is no longer some far off problem; it is happening here; it is happening now†. President Barack Obama states a good fact; climate change is affecting the world tremendously. The glaciers are melting at an astonishing rate and the surface temperature of the world is only increasing. Currently, scientists argue that climate change intensified because of human activity; however, the circumstance is quite the opposite. Global warming refersRead MoreEndangered Species, How to Save Them and What Would Happen if We Dont875 Words   |  4 Pagescommon. Maybe to common. In this world there are many plants and animals going extinct. Often times humans can get what want and need: like food, shelter, warmth, and help. Sadly plants and animals can not just get what they want; they have to survive. Many time the environment will harm or make it harder for thee plants and animals to survive off of what they find, not what they buy. As humans, we need plant and animals to survive. Many of the plant and animals are used for medicine and so couldRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Our Lives1037 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal climate change has been a highly debated topic for decades. Climate change is a change in usual weather patterns found globally or in certain regions. This could be a change in a place’s normal temperature for its time or it could be how much rain a place gets in a year. Normally, climate change is considered normal on planet Earth. Things evolve and change all the time on our home, ever since it formed. Mother nature always goes through different phases. Our planet was a lot different millionsRead MoreThe Effects Of A Nation s Industrialized Food System Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesmore money as human population continues to grow. The food industry has transformed not only how people eat, but also has had negative effect on our climate as a result of factory farming as illustrated by Anna Lappe in â€Å"The Climate Crisis at the End of Our Fork†. Jonathan Safran Foer in his book Eating Animals, illustrates the effects factory farming has had on animals meant for human consumption. Furthermore, Foer asks many questions to the reader on what will it take for us to change our ways beforeRead MoreEssay on Solar Energy1538 Words   |  7 PagesSolar Energy Why do we build passive solar homes? Most people familiar with the subject of alternative and renewable energies would reply with a variation of many answers to this question. â€Å"To act locally in an ever expanding global market.† â€Å"The solar panels or photovoltaics will pay for themselves in a given amount of time depending on the system implemented.† â€Å"I would build a passive solar house to take myself entirely off the grid.† These answers seem to be common when it comesRead MoreDisadvantages Of Deforestation1355 Words   |  6 PagesTrees are one of the many natural beauties growing from the Earth all around us. They do so much for us, other providing shade from the sun, of course. However, humanity has begun a new age of society, and deforestation plays a big, bad, role in it. Jim Robbins, veteran journalist at Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, emphasizes the following â€Å"Wiping forests high in biodiversity off the land for monoculture plantations causes numerous environmental problems, from the destruction ofRead MoreClimate Change is NOT a Problem Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming and climate change in general is one of those subjects that I hold very close to my heart; not because I go around in my spare time hugging trees and gathering vegans in Toyota Priuses to form a peaceful protest against big oil, but because climate change is a subject that everyone and thei r mom likes to chime in on without really knowing that much about. If you even mention that term â€Å"global warming† in a group of people, even the person who you wouldn’t believe can even form a sentenceRead MoreLife At The Bottom And Its Vast Environment1540 Words   |  7 PagesLife at the bottom The majority of human lives are spent on land. On some occasions people visit the beautiful littoral regions to beige, unwind, and enjoy the cool currents and warm water. Although people are delighted with the surface of the ocean, the depth of Ocean remains a mystery. The average depth of a large body of water, such as the ocean has been recorded to be 12, 500 feet deep. Therefore making the bodies of water nearly occupy a majority of the earth space. Life at the challenger deep

The Struggle of Man Free Essays

For centuries, Adam has been deemed as the â€Å"Individual who doomed the human race† through one simple act—disobedience. Common themes throughout Genesis 3 provide peers with the notion that Eve tempted Adam and thus they created the original sin together; perhaps, the original sin spurred from a different entity altogether. The first rebellion occurred when Lucifer challenged God’s authority in heaven. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle of Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lucifer acted upon his prideful craving of a more God-like status; ultimately leading to Lucifer being cast from the gates of heaven. This singular action is what set the stage for mankind to fail. Lucifer demonstrated not only the original sin, but the most grave of the seven deadly sins—pride. When Lucifer was cast from the gates of heaven, he was demoted to earth. The same glorious creation that God made for man, and eventually woman. The question remains as to why God, being all-knowing, chose to permit Satan near his handiwork and his creations. Although this question is found to pose an illogical or ethical problem in those who do not credit Christianity with being factual, those who do deem God as definitive, seek the answer as—God grants the human race with free will. God desired for his creations to choose obedience and through submission, they would receive contentment for all of their days. Lucifer enticed and infected Eve through the same mentality that led to his downfall. Prior to Eve eating the forbidden fruit, she had already displayed infidelity to God among her thoughts. Subsequently, Eve began to exhibit an envious mentality of her creator—insisting that if she too ate the forbidden fruit, she would become sagacious. According to an excerpt from Genesis, her lustful behavior is exhibited by her assertion, â€Å"Good for food, pleasing to the eyes, and desirable for gaining wisdom† (3:6). Rather than asking her creator why this specific tree was forbidden, she became obsessed and greedy with the thought of being a God. This notion of becoming equal with God presented one of the first shortcomings in civilization. Perchance Eve indulged in the forbidden fruit because she harbored resentment toward God being omnipotent, while she was expected to be obedient. After having tasted the forbidden fruit, through direct disobedience, she gave the fruit to Adam. Adam, whom knew the consequences, chose to eat the fruit anyway. In doing so, both Adam and Eve felt the magnitude of their actions; as they began to come to the realization that they were naked. Nakedness, in perspective to Adam and Eve, symbolizes how far they had truly fallen from grace. They had been stripped of the â€Å"good† in the world. They no longer had the protection, convenience, or pleasant conditions of the Garden of Eden due to the nature of the â€Å"wisdom† they so longed to possess. While obedience can be seen as morally acceptable, it does not denote virtue. You can be obedient to something that possesses negative attributes. Historical evidence demonstrates this idea through the actions of Stalin, Pol Pot, and Hitler. It is dependent upon the area under discussion that determines whether it is moral or immoral. For example, when Eve rebelled, she initially felt blameless, but it was then followed with tremendous remorse due to her actions. The internal indication that she felt after committing the sin demonstrated that her rebelliousness was not only bad, but would reap consequences for all of eternity. Based on Adam and Eve’s knowledge and experience, it is clearly shown throughout text that in order to remain in God’s image, you would have to be obedient. Obedience kept Adam and Eve in concordance with God. Obedience possessed virtue, and by being virtuous—they were good. Once rebelliousness and worldly pleasures were sought out, it created a division between them and their creator. Their actions no longer possessed virtue because their mentality had become riddled with wickedness. In turn, they would spend the rest of eternity seeking redemption for their self-inflicted perversion. How to cite The Struggle of Man, Papers

Company Mission & Strategic plan

Question: Discuss about the Company Mission Strategic Plan. Answer: Introduction The Australian market is doing very well in the sector for computer systems design, which has given rise to employment by 1.6 percent in Australia compared to 1.2 percent in the United States. The app economy does not only involve people who design them but has a good support system with respect to the sales, marketing and administrative roles (Cochrane 2014). It was reported that around 47,000 people in Australia were employed for the designing, development and marketing of the apps and may soon cross the employment figure in the iron ore mining industry. Companies as Atlassian currently employs around a thousand people and will soon start hiring 700 people more out of which almost one-thirds will be from Australia (Holler et al. 2014). Reji Eapen and Adam Naor launched Pennybox in the year 2016. The app helps in teaching the kids who are aged between six and sixteen about the value of money and helping them to save their pocket money through this app. The idea struck the mind of Naor who was previously working for the edutech space and an employee of the UBS Investment Bank decided to bind their expertise in finance and education sector. The app aims to improve the financial education in between the kids and their parents on a regular basis. The app helps the kids to track the money they have saved and the way in which they can spend the money. The children can have cash out request, where the parents have the option of accepting or declining it (Pennybox, 2017). Marketing objectives and goals The main objective of the app is to become the highly trusted source in managing the financial systems of the kids. The app also wants to identify the target market, which will help in spreading more knowledge about the application amongst the common people. The company also wants to use the knowledge that they will learn from the market about this application and use it in the future when they launch new apps in the market (Grant 2016). The goals can only be achieved if the company does a thorough study of the market, which will help them in identifying the needs and preferences of the present market. Spreading awareness about the application amongst the kids will help in the success of the app since it aims to develop the skills of the children (Cochrane 2014). External environment: Political The application is one of a kind in the market, which helps in keeping a track of the monetary transactions between the child and their parents. The government in the country is constantly upgrading their education system, which will help the youngsters to have a better life. This has helped the marketing of the application in a proper manner (Page 2013). Economic The economic condition of the country is very stable and the purchasing capacities of the customers are at a very good place. This will help the application to be successful in the market. The target market of this application would be the middle and lower income groups who have to manage their money in an efficient manner (Fernando, Loke and Rahayu 2013). Socio-cultural Australia has a very strong culture where the core products are served only in the core market. The government of the place is allowing the masses to experience these new technologies, as it will help in spending the money efficiently. The people in the place are well aware of the technological advances. Hence, it will help the application to be successful, which will be a boost for the company (Page 2013). Technological The market with respect to smart phone is relatively new and many people want to get access in this product. This will help the application to be successful in the market due to the availability of the product in the phones (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). Marketing strategies:Target Market The target market for the application will be the lower and middle-income groups because they will benefit by using this product. This will help them in saving more of the money and spending on the necessities rather than on the luxury goods and services (Ryan 2016). Product strategy It is important that the primary product from the company will help in securing the other products that the company will launch in the future. One of the important methods of democratizing the information to the people is through crowd sourcing. The information that will be given outside needs to be trusted by the people or they will not accept the product in the market (Gatautis and Vitkauskaite 2014). Pricing strategy The main income for the company will be that the users will be able to download the product from the Apple or the Android app market. The pricing strategy of the products needs to be similar to that of the existing apps that are there in the market. This will help in making the product quality-based rather than based on cost. It will help in enhancing the experiences of the user and encourage the people to share the app with others and recommending any changes if it is required (Bergvall-Karebom and Howcroft 2013). Promotion Strategy The product will be launched with the support of a well-designed layout in the website, on the Facebook site and the twitter site. The advance in Web 2.0 helps the advertisement to reach its target market in a cheaper and a faster way so that the product can gain maximum exposure with a less amount spent (Ryan 2016). Distribution strategy The app will be distributed in the app store of Apple and in the various Android markets. The launch of the product will primarily target these two platforms with plans to expand it in the future (Gatautis and Vitkauskaite 2014). Internal environment: Strengths The app is very much user-friendly and the applications that are available in the product is simple, which will help in grabbing the attention of the consumers. The application is easily accessible in the market due to the wide use of the smart phones. The availability of skilled developers will help in changing the design of the product on a regular basis to keep the consumers interested in the application (Rajagopalan, Wong and Andamon 2016). Weaknesses The application has may have security issues, as some of the encryption in the smart phones are extremely vulnerable and weak. The market is fragmented due to the widespread availability of the developers everywhere. The availability of the platforms are very limited, which will help in losing the focus of the application. The developers need time to learn the constant-change in the operating system and the user interface in the phones. They need to be aware of the new functions and the capabilities that are available in the market (Andrikopoulos et al. 2013). Opportunities There is a high demand in the market as this platform is growing on a constant basis. The availability of new applications such as M-banking, M-shopping, business solutions like CRM and SCM and M-health will provide a good base for this application to be launched in the market. The web browser will help in eliminating the need to download various apps (Rajagopalan, Wong and Andamon 2016). Threats The market has a strong and fierce competition, which has resulted in the decrease of the average selling price. The distribution carriers have more control on the mobile games that are available in the application platforms (Andrikopoulos et al. 2013). Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that the application has a good customer base in the market and needs to identify the potential that is present in Australia. This will help the company to gain more profits in the business. The application needs to be well presented in both the platforms, as it will give maximum exposure to the technology and a wide customer base. The internal and external factors have to be taken in account by the company so that it can earn profits and ensure its survival for the future. References Andrikopoulos, V., Binz, T., Leymann, F. and Strauch, S., 2013. How to adapt applications for the cloud environment.Computing,95(6), pp.493-535. Bergvall-Kreborn, B. and Howcroft, D., 2013. The futures bright, the futures mobile: a study of Apple and Google mobile application developers.Work, Employment Society,27(6), pp.964-981. Cochrane, T.D., 2014. Critical success factors for transforming pedagogy with mobile Web 2.0.British Journal of Educational Technology,45(1), pp.65-82. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Gatautis, R. and Vitkauskaite, E., 2014. Crowdsourcing application in marketing activities.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp.1243-1250. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Holler, J., Tsiatsis, V., Mulligan, C., Avesand, S., Karnouskos, S. and Boyle, D., 2014.From Machine-to-machine to the Internet of Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence. Academic Press. Page, T., 2013. Use of Mobile Device Apps in Product Design.International Journal of Green Computing (IJGC),4(1), pp.18-34. Pennybox, 2017. Pennybox | Teaching Kids Money, Banking and Personal Finance. [online] Pennybox. Available at: https://pennybox.com/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2017]. Rajagopalan, P., Wong, J. and Andamon, M., 2016. Building performance simulation in the built environment education: Experience from teaching two disciplines. In50th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association 7-9 December 2016, Adelaide, Australia(pp. 359-368). School of Architecture and Built Environment, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers.

The Book Of Deuteronomy Is The Fifth Book Of The Bible, Or The Last Bo Essay Example For Students

The Book Of Deuteronomy Is The Fifth Book Of The Bible, Or The Last Bo Essay ok of the Pentateuch. Deuteronomy literally means Second Law. This title conveys its nature and purpose. In other words, this book is a repetition of the law that was given to Moses and his people on Mount Sinai. It is also a completion and explanation of that law. Besides that, this book also continues on from previous events that happened in the first four books of the Bible. It helps to bring to focus and interpret the messages that are in the first four books. In Greek, Deuteronomy means a copy of this law in a book. In Hebrew, its name comes from the phrase, these are the words. The Book of Deuteronomy was written centuries after the Israelites had lived on the Land of Promise. Moses is believed to be the author. If he is the author, it was written around thirteenth century B.C. Joshua was most likely (although it is not certain) the author who concluded the book with the event of Mosess death. Moses relates all events that happen in this book with a spiritual lesson. He takes the laws that the Lord gave His people nearly forty years before the time that the writings of this book took place and adapts it to the people and events of that time. We will write a custom essay on The Book Of Deuteronomy Is The Fifth Book Of The Bible, Or The Last Bo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A main characteristic that sets the book of Deuteronomy apart from the other books of the Bible is its vigorous oratorical style. (The Holy Bible 147) In other words, it is a style which involves much thought coming from the author. The events in this book took place within no more than forty days. The events occurred mainly in only three places. They were in the plains of Moab, between the end of the wandering of the desert (which lasted forty years), and the crossing of the Jordan River. (Deuteronomy)The purpose of the book of Deuteronomy is to show the change in leadership from Moses to Joshua. It was also written to be a witness of Gods relationship with the people of Israel. Deuteronomy begins towards the end of Israels time of wandering through the desert. Moses gives them instructions concerning many different aspects of the life in the land they are about to enter. The first four chapters recall the time when the people came out of Egypt and died in the wilderness because of their numerous sins. It then shows how God faithfully brought the next generation to the border of Canaan, which was the promised land. The next twenty-four chapters recall the Law of God. In it, Moses repeats the Ten Commandments that had been given to him by God at Mount Sinai. Moses emphasized that God chose the people of Israel to be His people because he loved them, and they in return should love God with all of their heart and soul. Moses also shows the importance of worshiping God. From this section is where the name of Deuteronomy originated. The last six chapters prepare the people for the entry into Canaan. Joshua becomes the new leader of the people of Israel because it was near Mosess time of death. Moses teaches the Israelites a song to remind them of Gods faithfulness in the people and how they should never be unfaithful to God. Moses then looks into the promised land from Mount Nebo, since he was never able to enter because of his unfaithfulness to God when he tapped the rock twice. He then dies. Today, the book of Deuteronomy carries many different meanings to Christianity. It shows us the differences between ourselves and God, laws and rules, and how Moses is a ?type of Christ. (Deuteronomy)Deuteronomy conveys to us the nature of ourselves and God through quite a few different ways. One is by the sinful nature of man, which is quite apparent throughout the book. The book also shows the character of God, and how He was always very faithful to His people. Another thing that it shows us is the possibility of restoration through Gods grace. .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .postImageUrl , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:hover , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:visited , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:active { border:0!important; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:active , .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fa3049bc8dfa2efae2d4940fdba046c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Agreement Essay PaperThe book also contains the laws, which are the Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments are in effect today for all Christians. They are a guide for Christians and the way they should live their lives, and they help to guide all people to live better and more faithful lives. Moses is somewhat a type of Christ by some of the actions that he performed. He talked to God face to face which not many people did. Also, he performed miracles, which are impossible for most people. He also was able to deliver people out of slavery. They are just a few examples of the many actions that Moses took in his lifetime. Throughout the book of Deuteronomy, the main emphasis is on faith and obedience. This is apparent through the repeating of the Ten Commandments, and the faith of the people and God towards his people. This book has a major religious influence when compared to most other books of the Old Testament. Deuteronomy is a book of the Bible that should be read with much thought, because it conveys many different meanings that can be used today, and that were apparent during the time it was written.

Brandt Wallace essays

Brandt Wallace essays Is language, or the actual act of speaking, solely created by the organs of speech? It is possible that some scholars might agree that communication is not totally vocal, yet how many of these same scholars would agree that language is not restricted to the vocalized speech that is so common in everyday life? This paper will argue that music, specifically instrumental jazz, can be characterized as an alternative language method. In order to gather information to write this paper, research was conducted at a downtown bar by observing a four piece jazz band and its audience. On first observing with the notion of "jazz as language" in mind, one very important question arose-what types of things does language convey? Frankly, the answer to this question could continue into book length, but there are several key correlations that the research revealed between the functions of jazz and verbal speaking as language types. The most obvious similarity is that jazz, like verbal speaking, is used to explain ideas and stories in great detail and emotion. Jazz expresses these ideas and stories to the audience through two distinct entities, group conversation and personal interpretation. On explaining these entities, one must understand the order in which they are given to the audience. The majority of the pieces that were performed used a common theme or melody, some songs having multiple melodies. In each song, this melody was expressed in one of two ways. In some songs, the band would start with the melody and then enter a "solo period," where each musician would solo. Before concluding the piece, the band would tie the piece together by playing the melody again. In other songs, the band would switch between melody and solo until each musician had soloed. The melody will be referred to as the "conversation." The solo is like an individual's personal thoughts on the conversation. In the jazz melody, or con...

Banking Globalization and Global Imbalances Essay

Banking Globalization and Global Imbalances - Essay Example As such, in order for a bank to operate profitably in the foreign market, it must be able to gain or realize gains that are not available to local competitors. These gains to be realized when a bank is operating in foreign financial sector usually stem from; geographical risk diversification, competitive and comparative advantage factors and efficiencies that are not attained when operating exclusively in the local markets. On comparative advantages, better intermediation technologies, superior management quality, and innovative products are among the factors frequently cited by both the internalization theory and the electric theory of multinational corporations (De Haas & Lelyveld 2010). However, these factors are not permanent in the case of banks diversifying internationally based on the assumption that financial firms usually have intangible assets that cannot be imitated and management quality is easily transferable. Information is a crucial comparative advantage for a bank to operate in abroad markets. Organizations prefer doing business with a less number of banks to ensure that their sensitive financial information is not revealed to too many financial firms. As such, once a bank establishes a relationship with an organization, it has a competitive advantage in serving the firm’s operations in the foreign markets. The increased importance of information in the banking sector has resulted to the shift from cross-border borrowing and lending towards the foreign banks’ local operations in the emerging countries (Mariotti & Piscitello, 2010). One of the best ways of exploiting comparative advantages arising from the private information in foreign markets is following the client. This means that banks usually expand in the countries where their client choose to invest so that they can be able to offer them services that they need.  

International HRM Strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International HRM Strategy - Term Paper Example There was a steadfast improvement in the production and marketing activities in all subsidiaries. The HR ethnocentric strategy employed led to the rise of expatriate managers, who run the subsidiary organizations on behalf of the main office. The top management believes that expatriate managers can implement the American business working culture effectively towards development. These cultures involve management styles, industrial production processes and working overtime. Some social features inhibited smooth running of the business in the subsidiary organizations. In France, the labor force preferred to have an authoritative lines manager who would guide them instead of one who got his or her orders from the top management. An authoritative manager decides on his or her own (Kippenberger, 2002). The second cross- culture issue included in the case study involves working extra hours. The French work force believes in having both a professional and personal life. These cultural aspects counter the main idea for the tactic by not following the rules provided by the headquarters. Another option would include taking shifts, in the case of public holidays (Wakin, 1979). The employees and managers could decide that different groups remain behind on one holiday while the rest go and vice versa. Employees need to learn rather than train. Training involves attending classes, which consumes both time and money (Fottler, 2002). Furthermore, with the high rate of change in technology employees need to learn how to operate and adapt to new things. In terms of trade unions and participation, the human resource department worked towards a no union policy. Both local and international employees work towards the achievement of goals. The workers contributed in the production process and other subordinate activities, but not decision making. With the no union strategy, no unionized activities took place in either local or international sections of the firm.

Triggers of Energy Conflicts

Triggers of Energy Conflicts Title of Essay: Energy Conflicts are inevitable As the global prices for finite energy resources steadily increase, a proliferation of energy projects have sprung up in all regions across the world. Many of these high profile projects, most notably fracking in the U.S.A and Great Britain, have largely been the result of governmental plans for domestic economic development, with an end goal of â€Å"consolidating particular political agendas† (,). Other projects have focused primarily on bringing more renewable and suatainable resource solutions into play in regions where no previous exploitation had taken place. Such _ has noted that as the number of energy developments have increased, so too have â€Å"accompanying conflicts†, which are more often than not excaberated by external political, social and, of course, environmental factors. These conflicts quite often vary in their dynamics, however an underlying feature seems to be an inherent flaw in governance regarding the management of energy companies. Conflicts both at local and national levels have revolved around an array of issues, ranging from deep rooted opposition to the location of such energy projects to the very proceeses involved in harnessing particular resources. In less developed countries such as Latin America and India, the marginalisation of certain societal groups is strikingly apparent. However, as stated by Lustig (2011), â€Å"the last decade saw some improvements in terms of reducing the rising trend in inequalitythat could be traced back partly to improved education levels and increased transfers to the poor† (). Energy conflicts consistently relate back to these aforementioned social and political influences and can generally be divided into three major geographical categories: local, regional and national. All of these categories have implications on a geopolitical scale. For example oil projects is frequently used as a tool for building political alliances across borders. Sometimes conflicts, which are decades old, may re-ignite and therefore it is not always new investments within the energy sector that give rise to conflicts. On a national level, the exact distribution of energy revenues among institutions and/or economic groups fuel significant disputes. Local level disputes oftentimes offer up unique and insightful case studies on environmental conflicts. The reason being that, although these local conflicts unfold in the actual geographic sites of energy developments, the have been known to have national consequences if not dealt with in an appropiate manner. More importantly, these local conflicts tend to highlight existing failures within states, such as historic economic inequalities and weak insitutional frameworks. Unless addressed in a timely manner, these conflicts have pe rsistently presented awkward challenges for governmental energy policies and have even threatened the stability of some governments. Triggers of Conflict: A primary reason why environmental conflicts can be regarded as inevitable is due to the sheer mulitude of triggers that can ignite disputes. Oftentimes, these triggers are provoked simutaneously, which can pose difficulties in producing strategies for conflict resolution or mitigation. The foremost trigger to energy conflicts appears to be the level of opposition to a certain project. Such_ claims that this particular trigger is the most intricate of all, mainly due to the fact that the level of opposition with regard to energy developments frequently range from an absolute rejection to a total acceptance. In the case of fracking in Balcombe, opposition to the energy operations of the drilling company Cuadrilla was based solely on the negative environmental and social effects linked to fracking. On the other hand, approval on the pro-fracking side was spurred on by the prospects of econmic benefits and the creation of employment. However, as other energy conflicts, there exists move ments that occur in between the two extremities of approval and rejection. These frequently take the form of negotiations between the two opposing sides. Non-governmental organisations such as Greenpeace and the World Resources Institute are recent examples that have radicalised their direct actions across the world, while still gaining traction as negotiators for environmental issues. These, combined with non-homogenous views within the community vis-à  -vis the energy development on their lands, have often resulted in protracted conflicts. The level and nature of involvement of international non-governmental organizations in the conflict. International NGOs not only have grown in power and sophistication over the last twenty years but, because of their strong environmental focus, they have become particularly active in the Amazon. They have played a fundamental role in supporting communities in their negotiations with companies and governments. However, they have also at times be en accused of contributing to the escalation of conflicts through the imposition of agendas that did not fully represent the demands of local communities. Historical greivances, coupled with prior attempts at energy developments in an area or region, contributes significantly as an enerfy conflict trigger, especially in places that have experienced social or even enviromental damage as a result of such projects. In attempts to prevent history from repeating itself in cases Old grievances, or the history of previous energy projects in the area. In areas with a history of social or environmental damage from previous energy projects, local inhabitants tend to be more active in opposing similar new developments for fear of a recurrence of past negative externalities. Communities affected by old projects also tend to be more radicalized. The best example is widespread opposition to new dams, which builds upon the deep scars left by similar projects in the past. The Chixoy Dam in Guatemala, built in the 1970 to 1980s, entailed the forced displacement of more than 3,445 people, mostly indigenous, with no viable resettlement plan. That project also included allegations that the forced relocation included human rights violations by the then-military government. Another example is the legendary Yaciretà ¡ hydroelectric power plant built between Argentina and Paraguay in the 1970s; it displaced as many as 50,000 people. The environmental and social standards of the company involved in the energy projects. In the past decade, Latin America has seen a proliferation of both small oil companies and large national oil companies (NOCs), some of which have shown less stringent social and environmental safeguards relative to the big majors. Many of these junior companies are not publicly listed; this leaves them less concerned about their image and less subject to shareholder pressure to perform as well as the largest corporations do. Furthermore, they generally operate under more restricted budgets than their larger counterparts and the contractual span of their oil projects is much shorter, meaning that they may not have the time, the resources, or the interest in engaging in long-term relations with the local populations. The degree to which companies and governments comply with agreements reached with local communities. A government or a company’s failure to comply with a previous commitment with a community leaves locals feeling betrayed and is very often a source of conflict. Trust is eroded and difficult to rebuild. Communities often protest the breach of contract with force or violence. The extent of law enforcement. A brewing source of conflict is the improper enforcement of national laws or international conventions to which the country is a signatory. National laws may be either overlooked or not properly applied. Typical examples of this are oil projects developed in protected national parks, with full disregard for the laws that shield these socially and/or environmentally sensitive areas. At the same time, an overabundance of overlapping laws sometimes creates confusion as to their application, leaving them practically inoperative. These situations, combined with governments’ failure to comply with international legal standards—such as those imposed by the ILO 169 Convention and the U.N. Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (see box on page 5)—could lead populations affected by the energy developments to resort to violence as they seek answers to their problems. Indigenous communities often accuse governments of infringement of their right to free prior and informed consent, as granted by those international agreements. Very often, consultations are conducted after the license has been granted to the private energy operator and it is too late to object. Adding to the tensions is the slow pace of the legal system, which can take decades to settle a case, as illustrated by the lawsuit against Chevron that started in Ecuador 17 years ago and has still to be resolved. The availability of institutional mechanisms to mediate conflicts. More often than not, countries lack well-functioning institutions with the capacity to effectively mediate conflicts. An exception is the Peruvian Ombudsman Office, an organization with an unusually high level of legitimacy among all the stakeholders and with proven success in de-escalating conflicts. Local NGOs have also participated in mediating conflicts but usually with lower success rates. With all these triggers in mind, a so called elephant in the room still exists in relation to energy conflicts and that is the potential for economic and social disadvantages, which often leads to a political exclusion of sorts. This is more prominent in developing countries, whereby local communities are presented with the enormous task of bartering with global energy companies such as Shell and Chevron for healthcare and educational funding. These services, expected to normally be provided for by the government, is largely basic. Negogiating with energy companies therefore become the only method available to these communities in order to improve their living standards, or at the very least, gain access to basic state services. However the realistic results of such interactions are very seldom perceived as fair and as such, conflicts detroriate at local, regiona and national levels. Such_ has noted that unless these local conflicts are â€Å"addressed with the seriousness and depth they deserve†, then the ability of local communities to mobilise at national levels could be a major cause for concern for government stability. One need only look as far back as 2009, when the city of Bagua in Peru experienced violent conflicts between police and indigenous tribes, as a result of their oppostion to American resource exploitation in the Amzaon itself. This essay identified five triggers of energy conflicts as well as three major types of conflicts within this sector. The national and regional conflicts often receive the most attention from the public and from the media, however it is within local conflicts that the potential to reach national importance exists, unless the conflict is addressed properly. This paper identified four types of energy related conflicts in Latin America: geopolitical and border conflicts at a regional level; revenue conflicts at a national level; and local conflicts that carry the potential to reach national importance unless properly addressed. Geopolitical and border conflicts normally receive the most attention from the general public and the media. However, revenue and local conflicts carry a greater risk of destabilizing the region because they build on largely unresolved inequalities, weak governance, and increasing radicalization of the indigenous movement. Energy project expansion is necessary for economic growth in Latin America, where installed hydroelectric capacity remains very low and large oil and gas reserves await development. However, these infrastructure needs also constitute a tremendous risk factor as most of the still-untapped oil and water sources are in environmentally and socially sensitive areas. These social and environmental frag ilities, combined with a dire economic reality and historical marginalization of the communities affected by the energy developments, result in gradually increasing conflictive situations. Unless addressed rapidly and properly, these conflicts could pose important challenges to Latin America’s political stability and to the region’s economic growth prospects.

Creating Effective Learning Environments for Learners Essay

Introduction Environment is all the physical and social conditions that surround and can influence a person’s health. A learner’s physical environment on the other hand include the class surrounding like locker ,chairs and other items that are physical found either inside or outside and around the class. Social environment refers to the immediate social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops. It includes the culture that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact. An urban area is a town, a place that has developed in the various sectors including infrastructure and other institutions hence noise and other destructible deeds become order of the day. Due to scarce land for building, schools end up being built next to pubs or even on top of pubs. In defining an effective learning environment it’s important to first consider the uniqueness of learners and how they learn. Physical environments a) Space and materials The teacher should take into consideration who should be arranged in the rows and columns. The class arrangement matters a lot for effective teaching to occur. First, students should be arranged facing the teacher for easy monitoring as the teacher is teaching. Secondly, the teacher should now all the students individually and there by now the different problems the learners have which might help him/her to plan the class. For instance students with eye sight problems should sit where they are comfortable in order to understand the teacher well as suggested by Roger Hiemstra. Siegel has found that there is direct relationship between architecture and collaboration of teachers. The arrangement of space has immediately and far reaching consequences for teachers. The arrangement of space has immediate and far reaching consequences for teachers’ ability to effectively and efficiently accomplish daily activities; the formation of social and professional considerations of the spaces where teachers meet and collaborate is just as important as the design of classroom. Desirable designs include having friendly environment and agreeable areas, supervised private areas for students, as well as public areas that foster a sense of community with particular attention to the color used. A good class room should be inviting, have the necessary learning material readily accessible, eliminate or cover destructing features either inside or outside the class. Class concentrations should be avoided because it encourages laziness among students due to lack of proper supervision by the teacher. Therefore during class arrangements, at least there should be space where the teacher can move around and monitor the learner’s progress. Also work groups can be convenient for those learners that want to indulge in group work and discussions. b) Sitting position and types of furniture Knight and Noyes performed a study on class furniture in relation to children’s behavior and sitting positions between traditional and ergonomically designed furniture. They found that children showed a significant improvement in task behavior and marked change in sitting positions following the new designed furniture that makes students to sit upright. In relation to sitting positions, Linton e tal(1994) didn’t observe any different sitting position in the children in their study using ergonomically designed furniture was more comfortable. Chairs that are not upright encourage loss of class concentration hence leaving room for poor class concentration. c) Use of visual items to enhance better understanding The benefits arising from use of visuals for instance chats illustrations and others has provided multiple opportunities for children to process, reflect on and integrate information presented in a story since the spoken language is fleeting in comparison to a visual representation of the same material according to Gersten and Baker. Obviously biology students can’t be taught the topic on bones without even seeing a sample which there by illustrates visual items enhance understanding hence facilitate effective learning. A visual chat make learning more interesting and makes learners understand better what is being taught. d) Temperature and air quality Earthman rates temperature, heating and air quality as the most individual elements for student achievement in learning. A class that is well lit, warm when environment is cool or cool when it is hot is more suitable to accommodate effective learning. Furthermore if the classroom is up to date and current technology is available, the student will keep pace with their peers who have access to this equipment. Where classes are positioned in a school matters a lot. Class next to staffrooms where teachers crack jokes can distract the students concentration and learning in class. Classes should be situated in areas away from paths that distract pupils. An example is a class next to the main road leading to the main gates will always have cars; people and this will hinder effective learning because students will always be staring at anything passing outside instead of listening to the teacher. Police cars that enter in school will freak out students because they will always be curios on wh at is going to happen. e) Lighting There is a considerable amount of literature relating to light and classroom. In relation to student suitability to learning, day light is seemed to have positive effect to the learners studying environment which is suitable for learning. However day light source can’t be had in class because it’s impractical. Benya suggested that for lighting to be effective, day light must be supplemented automatically by controlled electric lighting that dims in response to day light levels. Barmitt suggests that good lighting can only be achieved by combination of direct and indirect lighting. Indoors lighting can be different depending on color and temperature its bringing and different light intensities. Jago and Tanner argue that the visual environment affects a learner’s ability to perceive visual stimuli and affects his/her mental attitude and thus performance. Knez found evidence of lighting conditions that induced positive affect improved performance. Web, puts forward various incidences of learners being hospitalized because of use of kerosene lamps which emitted smoke that is harmful to human beings’ health. Results of the smoke include irritating eyes, coughing and chest aches due to the harmful smoke. All these can be overcome by installing good electric lighting systems which somehow have lesser side effects hence enhancing favorable learning environments. f) Noise and its resolutions Noise next to noisy areas that can’t be avoided can be reduced through several measures which include: Using sound absorbing materials like carpets, under blocks, foam surfaces on carpentry bench nets in gross motor areas. Using sound barriers like carpets, upholstered furniture, grass in outdoor areas, upholster dividers and acoustic tiles also is an efficient way of controlling noise. A good school should separate noisy areas from the quite ones for instance libraries should not be situated next to the play fields. Also laboratories should be separated from the kitchens to avoid contamination of food. g) Color According to some findings, colors also affect all individuals at two levels: behavioral response and learned response. A behavioral response is a response that’s automatic, inherited and not affected by age, sex, culture, financial considerations or environment. This type of response occurs naturally; the individual is not aware of making a response for instance using bright, intense colors e.g. red to decorate an infant’s room can prevent the infant from sleeping well(Chinazzarl 1998). This is not a surprising issue as the red color is seen to elevate blood pressure according to liber man (1991) h) Teacher According to Talis, teacher’s beliefs, practices and attitudes are important for understanding and improving educational processes. They are closely linked to teachers’ strategies for coping with challenges in their general wellbeing and they shape students learning environment and influence students motivation and achievement. Talis illustrates that many studies have described aspects of teaching practice which are related to effective classroom learning and student outcomes. Close monitoring, adequate pacing and classroom management as well as clarity of presentation, well-structured lessons, in formative and encouraging feedback has generally shown positive impact in student learning achievement while teachers provide learning opportunities, these must be recognized and utilized by the student to be effective. Motivation goals and outcomes have to be taken into account as well. Also researchers agree that the teacher is responsible for creating opportunities for interaction and communication among classmates and between students and the instructor. Vitale (2010) suggests that well planned and defined discussion questions help the students to understand the course content, especially the application of new knowledge to clinical practice situation. Communication Galton et al, (1999) assumes that it is important for teachers to be able to communicate effectively with pupils, although it is sometimes less certain how this should be defined. Moos’s (1979) evaluation of classroom environment addresses this since subscales relating to teacher behavior and classroom management such as ‘teacher support’ and ‘rule clarity’, clearly involve communication. A study of disruptive behavior in a particular school (Badger, 1992) found that both pupils and teachers often explained problem behavior in terms of failures of communication, with teachers advocating more discussion and improved relationships as ways to improve the situation. Another aspect of communication is that which goes on with parties outside the school. Effective communication has been highlighted as key to the improvement of schools in developing countries by Dalin et al (1994), though in this case it is communication with government and other authorities which is being suggested. More generally, communication with those beyond the school building is an issue referred to in the education literature, but again without necessarily examining the setting that may facilitate it. For instance, in his study of disruptive behavior, Badger (1992) found that teachers often mentioned that there was a need to improve relationships with parents, while Idea (1970) argue for the importance of involving parents and the wider community in school design. Such intentions clearly involve more communication and are involved in the general issue of the school’s place in the wider community, which has already been considered. Commonly abused Drugs and learning The pub can be a source of some of the drugs like alcohol. Alcohol has many effects on students who drink too much which may include staying out late and wakening up exhausted with a hangover. As a result, they may have a number of absences and their school work may suffer. Younger children may find it difficult to get ready for school without clean clothes or a ride, as the parent is hung over or drunk. As a result, truancy, delinquency, poor school performance may be present. Underachievement, emotional distance from peers and withdrawal may be noticed. Drinking alcohol can lead to reduced coordination, slurred speech, blurred vision, slower reaction times and an impaired memory. People under the influence of alcohol have less impulse control and impaired judgment. Some of these effects are temporary while others are more long-lasting. Alcohol consumption can also lead to blackouts and lapses in memory. Long-term alcohol abuse can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is a brain disorder that causes mental confusion. All this affects learners’ studies hence affecting the learning environment negatively. The American medical association recently announced that underage drinkers were found to have hippocampuses that were 10 percent smaller than non-drinkers. This matters when it comes to learning because the hippocampus is the part of the brain that is responsible for memory and learning. Because of the changes that the teen brain is going through, alcohol use can â€Å"seriously damage long- and short-term growth processes . The brain isn’t the only factor in a person’s ability to learn. The external environment also plays a crucial role in determining how much a person can and will learn. Alcohol use, especially among teenagers, can lead to social problems that can have long-term effects on learning. Underage drinking has been linked to poor academic performance and harmful behaviors such as illegal drug use and promiscuous sexual behavior. These social problems can reduce the opportunities students have to learn as they may be denied access to certain educational offerings or compromise their ability to get into schools or training programs. Alcohol use has been linked to higher truancy rates, which translate into fewer learning opportunities ————————————————- Ways of reducing drug consumption in schools: a. ————————————————- Putting talk sessions to heighten the dangers of drugs to health and school studies ————————————————- According to Bruce and David (2011), guidance and counseling should act as pre rehabilitation centers for the students because when they get to know the effects of a certain drugs to their health, definitely some group of students will change their minds and attitudes towards doing drugs like alcohol. This small achievement will later become huge because students do mostly what others do and a small change will bring an anti-drug environment which is a start to a good learning environment. Peers have a lot to accomplish in terms of behavior. The peers should be modeled to reinforce good behavior between them hence achieving positive results towards learning. Also according to Taylor (2001) students at youth level tend to give in what other youths say compared to advice given from people much older than them. Therefore an organization like the guidance and cancelling department should organize for people who are at least in a youthful age to give talks on effects of drugs. Chronicle addicts who have changed behavior due to the terrible effects of drugs can really touch some of the students and hence initiate change in behavior among the students thus fostering good learning environments in the schools b. ————————————————- Random register checks and school monitoring ————————————————- Tricks like skipping classes and ditching preps for luxury in the pub can mostly be curbed down through this strategy. Random student registers also keep students on their toes and hence this reduces class absenteeism because of alcohol and other drugs. Students who are always absent and caught doing drugs should severely be punished for them to serve good examples to the school. Therefore addicts will always be afraid of being caught on the wrong hence reducing the number of drug addicts. ————————————————- Expelling can be used to show examples of what happens to naughty behaviors. Expelled students bring their parents and hence their issues discussed by four parties which include the teacher, parent, student and school committee. From an effective meeting resolutions can be made and learners can change behavior. c. Approach of doing things that interest and occupy the students mind Charllottas, Web (2007) suggests that youth students are very sensitive people and in order to make them interact well with their environment; they should be made part of the environment. Sessions where learners are supposed to meet teachers and air out issues affecting them is crucial in helping them with the effective environment issue. To facilitate learning, an entertainment hall can be built to cater for the student’s refreshment needs hence vanishing ideas of dodging school and preps for the refreshments at the pub. Also during shows like talent shows; one can make students gain interest in wha t they are best at and this will motivate students who might not be that perfect in class and have eventually lost hope in studies. d. Putting age restrictions in refreshment areas and pubs: Jordan (2009) gave out the approach that in order to stop students from drinking, the pub should enforce certain laws and restrictions. Through collaboration between the teachers and the pub supervisors, the pub attends should inform teachers of any suspicions that students might have been seen in the pub. Also the pub should enforce laws like no underage people are allowed in the pub. At the entrance, every person should produce identity cards to extinguish adults from the school kids. Effective learning experience Building quality teaching, learning and assement environment. Building quality teaching and learning environment According to Oliver and Omar 1999, there is growing movement toward designing learning environments that recognize the communicative power of the internet to support an active and constructive role for learners. Factors influencing learning experience include the quality of learner support systems, the assumption made by learners and educators about the experience itself, the educational design and support networks for learners and educators. Considering complexity of these factors can have on learning experience, possible resolutions to these issues tend to assist and learning also, where assements task drive the learner and the technology support the learning process. Effective learning is used in the sense of bringing about change to professional practice. Investigation with teachers say that they experience were of the less effective forms of professional development. They include: * passive didactic expenditure experiences where is an overreliance on external expertise * external training events * one off training events These experiences may result in a quick fix but they do not often result in lasting change and may in fact be counter product (Carnell 1999). The less effective forms of professional development are of low complexity context free. They are single track, usually focusing on content or skills and don’t require judgment. The more effective forms are of high complexity. These take into account teachers experiences and emotions and are dependent on the particular learning and social context. They are multi track, meaning they focus on and connect different aspect of the context, development understanding, facilitate tearing and change. They require refection analysis, judgment, and dialog. Teachers need a strong knowledge base in child development which enables then to make decision regarding what activities, materials and experiences will be appropriated for children of various ages. Learners are mostly interested in the moving classical technological advancements. Books are cruci al but also computers are making big strides in enhancing the students’ learning. Bransford, Brown, and Cocking illustrate four essential elements of effective learning environments: they are learner- centered, knowledge centered, assessment centered and community centered. In a learner-centered learning environment, teachers take the knowledge and prior experiences of individual learners into account in their teaching and try to accommodate learners’ strengths and interests. This approach is based on cognitive research findings that prior knowledge is the basis for constructing all new understanding. An example of a learner-centered approach might be a social studies teacher’s asking students about their daily routine as they study the human impact on the environment and how individual actions do make a difference on a global scale. In a knowledge-centered learning environment, teachers direct learning activities toward developing students’ deep understanding. Research has demonstrated that deep understanding is necessary for learners to appl y knowledge in a given situation and to transfer it to new ones. This requires teachers to make a careful analysis of what they want learners to know and be able to do when they finish a learning activity or course and to provide students with the foundational knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for the successful application and transfer of that learning. For example, a social studies teacher might focus a unit about the civil war on its causes and political context and to support this higher-level conceptual understanding might ask can then guide students’ continued thinking and revision strategies. The importance of this aspect of an effective learning environment is supported by research findings that students who are active in and take charge of their learning can better regulate and improve their approaches and efforts. It is also consistent with research showing that students build new knowledge on existing knowledge and that the more visible their thinking is to them, the more effectively they can modify and refine it. For example, a social studies teacher might allow students multiple opportunities to demonstrate their developing understanding throughout a government unit by asking them to create and update a concept map of similarities and differences between local and state governance. In a community-centered learning environment, students need not only to feel safe to ask questions and to reveal their ideas and difficulties they have in understanding the subject matter, but also to develop norms of behavior that contribute to successful learning in that learning environment. Research shows that social interactions and norms within a community of learners will affect how learners approach their work and that connecting the curriculum to communities beyond the classroom will influence the degree of understanding that students develop. For example, a social studies teacher might put students in contact with other students from another culture or geographic setting to better understand the influence of culture on the topic they are studying. Therefore it’s of worth to recognize these four elements believed to support learning hence allowing teachers to improve upon their learning environments for more effective teaching and learning. SCHOOL CRISES a. Causes of school crises They include: * Physical causes caused by school facilities for instance broken water pipes, cracked walls in campus, bad prepared food and many others. * Physiological and mental causes. A good example is break out of diseases like congenital diseases, emotional distance * Contextual causes involve crisis caused by social factors like if there was an aging population in a school district, there would be a decrease in the number of school aged pupils and hence the age enrollment rate. It might eventually lead to class reduction or even closure. If there are drug addicts near a school, teachers and students might be disturbed or even injured. * Ethical and moral causes: losses resulted from behavior constitutes a violation of professional integrity among members of school. * Disorder causes: if school members had low awareness of school discipline and rules, low morale or the tendency to careless, procrastination and chaotic behavior may easily trigger off various kinds of accidental incident. b. Effects of school crisis * Physiological damage, health hazard, disability and evidently this will disrupt the learning environment because an upright person who becomes disabled will not be having what he/she had before the accidents * Property loss will disrupt the learning environment because subjects like chemistry will require lab practicles and without labs it will be hard to experiment. * Taking responsibility which includes direct or indirect legal, economical and moral responsibility for example a school might have to take responsibilities if a pupil was injured during school activity. * Education damage involving relation between the school members deteriorates after the experience of the crisis. c. Managing school crises in order to foster learning Crisis management includes the measures and policies taken to deal with incidences that enviably disrupt learning. Siegel (1991) suggests that before working on a crises management one should figure out nature, meaning and related variables of the school crises. Schools should eliminate all possible causes of risk, and convert them into predictable and controllable variables. They should device long term preparation plans for preventing damages in future crises, and develop members’ ability to handle emergency situation effectively. As that world `becomes more complicated and fast changing than ever before there is much increasing impact on current school operation, resulting in various kinds of school crises. School crises definitely do not support effective learning hence should be abolished as much as possible. Some of them are and foreseeable of which the management could devise necessary strategic or operational plans deal with , or arrange to means of insurance to compensate for loss; while others are usually dormant but may suddenly disrupt school operation or even cause injury and death or destruction of school property (Raffan, 1984) Through good school management most of these crisis can systematically predicted and managed, loss minimized and operation and development of schools can also be maintained hence fostering good learning environment. The management tactics vary from among school crisis. Technology enhancing an effective learning environment Educational technology has been cited to make major milestone in improving the learners’ learning environments. Educational technology includes hardware such as personal computers, smaller peripherals such as Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) that interface with computers and other equipment that can interface with such digital tools such as video cameras and VCRs. Also included in this definition is the software that runs on these devices and networks that allow them to send and share information among them. Bransford, Brown, and Cocking analyzed in their research that educational technology can make important contributions to effective learning environments hence they concluded that technology can enliven teaching and learning by facilitating the incorporation of real-world problems into the curriculum. Educational technology can help make a learning environment more learner-centered by providing a greater variety of resources that allo ws students to follow their own interests and build upon their strengths. It can also help teachers motivate students to work toward deep understanding or transfer by illustrating how what is under study in the classroom relates to the world beyond it such as by accessing real-time data on current events. Technology can help teachers meet students’ differentiated needs, by serving as a tool for enrichment or review or for presenting information in additional formats. According to Driscoll (2002) and Rieber (1996) the research literature describes how educational technology can serve as a tool that supports learning by allowing the learner to engage in more complex than otherwise possible. For example, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can layer data about population density on top of information about political party affiliation and socio-economic status. Seeing such data simultaneously in tools such as GIS, or simulations, or computer-based micro worlds, can contribute to making a learning environment more knowledge-centered by helping students better see complex relationships and address more analytical questions than otherwise possible. The research summarized by Bransford, Brown, and Cocking has also shown that technology can make it easier for teachers to provide students with feedback about their work. For instance, it can aid in capturing performances for review and display, and it can provide multiple practice opportunities and track or calculate changes in performance along the way. It can also make it easier to communicate within and outside the classroom, providing additional opportunities for feedback in relation to Driscoll (2002)’s opinion. Thus, technology can aid teachers in making an educational environment more assessment-centered. Networked educational technology can also support communication among learners, as well as between their parents and their teachers. By allowing asynchronous and synchronous communication, whether by bulletin board, email, web pages, or chat rooms, technology can enable an exchange of ideas and questions and develop a sub-culture focused on learning and on intellectual habits productive for learning. In these ways, educational technology can aid the development of a community-centered learning environment. Conclusion: A good learning environment is crucial to promoting effective learning. In order to improve the learning environment the teachers, parents, learners and the community at large should join hands to make sure a good environment is achieved through peaceful co-existence of these four parties. REFFERENCES: Ceng, Y, C (2005) New paradigm for Re-engineering Education. Globalization and Industralization.Netherlands.Springer Higgins e tal(2004) Chronic noise, exposure impairs Cognitive Functioning with a number of studies. New York. Palgrave Press Marks,J(2001) The Educational Facilities Laboraties:National Clearinghouse for Educational facilities.Washington D.C.Edfacilties publishers Schultz, F (2001) Education.Dushkin.McGraw Willis (1996) Managing todays classroom. Finding alternatives to control and compliance.McGraw.Dushkin Bofetta, P. & Garfinkel, L. (1990) Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study. Epidemiology. New York. Palgrave Press Burke, C & I Grosvenor (2003) The School I’d like: Children and Young People’s Reflections on an Education for the 21st Century. London. Routledge Falmer.

Billy Elliot film text reponse Essay

Jackie Elliot is seen as a traditional man with anti feminist views. he sees that boys should be tough whilst girls should be more placid. Throughout the film Billy Elliot, the directer has created the character Jackie Elliot, a widowed father feeling the grief of the recent lose of his wife. This essay suggests that the grief could be a factor of how Jackie goes about supporting his son. The time that this film is set, is in the mid 80s. It could be that people who do not keep to the social norm are discriminated against, which is a different circumstance in todays society, where people are very unique and most people value eachother’s individuality. In the town of Durham, the community has the same expectations as Jackie with gender based traditions and this may have influenced him to think this way. When Billy is taken to the boxing gym by his father, he finds out that he doesn’t really like the idea of being a boxer once he steps into the ring for the first time. Billy knows his father must really want Billy to get good at this tough sport, because in this family, that is stricken with poverty; his father still manages to pay for billy’s lessons and does want him to achieve. â€Å"they were my dad’s gloves, you’d better take better care of them† Jackie and his father were obviously unable to achieve from boxing, he’s putting his last hope in Billy. Billy is aware of how his family and the community feel about boys doing ballet and has alot of courage to put their thoughts aside and just do the thing he loves. Upon finding out about Billy’s dancing. Jackie becomes enraged and expresses views of homophobic, Billy is determined to keep on dancing. It is not until Jackie actually sees Billy dance for the first time, that he realises that dancing might well and trully be his son’s future. He sees that Billy does have talent and lowers himself into going back to work just so he can afford to take Billy to London for his audition himself. â€Å"It is what mum would have wanted†, throughout the film, you watch as Jackie  grieves for his dead wife, in that he hates Billy playing his mother’s piano. Billy must have inherited his interest in music and dance from his mother which is probably why Jackie must have hated it at first; Billy was like his mother and it reminded Jackie of her too much. He gives into his pain by selling jewelry for his son. Jackie is most proud of his son, when at the end of the film. Billy dances out onto a big stage to perform â€Å"swanlake†. It takes Jackie’s breathe away. Overall through this film, we see Jackie, a father who does love his son. Aside from hgis traditional and antifeminist beliefs, Jackie was able to come through with great support for his son. All he wants for his son is to see him doing something he loves, even if that is dancing TEACHER COMMENTS: good, try to use lots of quotes and and examples from the film and refer back to the question throughout your essay.

Teaching Strategies Dyspraxia

Sample details Pages: 34 Words: 10177 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? What teaching strategies can be used to enable children with Dyspraxia to become integrated Dyspraxia is a learning disability that comes in three forms verbal, motor and oral whereby the child may have average or above average intelligence but the brain works in a different manner it is hard for the child to demonstrate their knowledge, i.e. reading comprehension may be affected because the processing of the information is different, as with verbal and/or written/symbolic comprehension. The problem with such a learning difficulty makes it hard for teachers to evaluate the progress and intelligence of the child and normal learning assignments and exams may prove an impossible form of evaluation. Therefore it is essential that the teacher works with the child to understand the learning processes of the child, attempting to provide methods that will either enable the child to take part in normal forms of evaluation or endeavor to produce an alternative form, but equivalent to the mainstream evaluation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teaching Strategies Dyspraxia | Education Dissertation" essay for you Create order Dyspraxia can be remedied in part by retraining and advancing the childs method of expressing their comprehension and evaluation. This is a pertinent role of the teacher, because to separate the child may have adverse effects as the child can comprehend internally the information only it expression is less advanced. Therefore this discussion will explore some theories of teaching methods comparing and contrasting the benefits of one-on-one teaching to that of mainstream teaching at the foundation level. It will also highlight the strategies of the teacher in order to integrate children with Dyspraxia at the foundation level. Chapter 2 Review of Literature: Teaching Strategies: It is at the foundation levels that children with Dyspraxia have most learning difficulties because their comprehension is average but there level of expression of this comprehension is limited. Therefore it is at this stage that these children have to be trained to express and advance their expression. In short it would be necessary for there to be accommodations to be made in the education system to ensure that the teaching of these children is sufficient. The arguments to creating teaching methods into the mainstream education system at the foundation level are very similar to the arguments of employing disabled persons in the workplace. The first argument will follow the arguments for integration into the workforce and then will consider specific teaching methods. The first main argument is whether there should be differential treatment for the children with Dyspraxia. To understand the extent that the current disability rights are effective one must understand there is a difference between a mere legal right and an inherent (also known as substantive) right. Hohfeld has been the most significant jurisprudential thinker to discuss the difference between the varying types of rights. The focus of Hohfelds analysis of rights is from an analytical perspective; the main aim of Hohfelds work was to clarify exactly what rights are. Hohfelds analysis of rights is split into four different categories which are; claim-right; privilege; power and immunity. These rights have been put together into a grid of entitlementswhich enables one to understand the nature and content of rights; which the individual has in varying degrees. It is this clear and precise method that makes Hohfelds analysis fundamental to rights interpretation within legal arenas. This exploration is going to argue that this exposition of rights is essential to jurisprudence and understanding the nature of rights. Under English law Hohfelds analysis clearly expresses how varying degrees of rights are contained under the Human Rights Act 1998 and do not conflict with parliamentary sovereignty. As Helen Fenwick discusses: Under Hohfelds view it becomes clear that, traditionally, most freedoms in the UK were merely liberties; one did no wrong to exercise them, but there was no positive duty on any organ of the state to facilitate them When the Human Rights Act 1998 came fully into force many Hohfeldian liberties became rights in Hofeldian terms since public authorities have been laid under a positive duty to respect them . Hohfelds analysis is that the confusion over the nature of rights has been effectively eliminated. In contrast to the controversies in theorists such as Dworkin , Kymlicka , Kantand MacKinnon , it does not get trapped into confusing the nature of rights with the justification of rights. If one applies this to problems concerning gender; discrimination; animal; and environmental rights one could actually apply a type of right in order to rectify the legal and moral inequities. Legal and political philosophers have gotten too tied up in justifying rights, that they have confused the meaning of right. Hohfeld has provided an interesting tool in order to level the playing field, because the question concerning the equality of rights is no longer an issue. Instead Hohfelds analysis allows for different right-elements to be applied in different situations. Therefore Hohfelds analysis can be applied to both legal analysis and moral quandaries, which means that one in addition to clarifying rights can use this analysis as a tool to justifying rights. Hohfeld was very humble in his aims for his analysis of rights, because it has provided more than a tool to clarify rights. For example if one applied this problem to media law where there are conflicts in the right to privacy and the freedom of press, these rights possibly fall into the categories of immunity; claim-right; and privilege. The problem is that they are competing rights and if one applies the level of right, also to the specific facts then the confusion that has happened between courtswould be a lot less likely. In short Hohfelds analysis has taken out all the moral quandaries in the nature of rights; and has provided an analytical method to apply to both moral quandaries and the justification of rights. This will become more apparent in the following chapters. In relation to absolute human rights or substantive rights then these are immunities which the government cannot interfere with; however a mere legal right is a privilege whereby the government has provided disability rights, but there is no need to provide these rights and may be taken away if in the governments interest. Therefore this illustrates the importance of making disability rights substantive rights but not only in the workplace but also in schools. This means if integration is the best form because it makes such a disability socially acceptable then this should be the method taken. In order to do this there must be specialized teaching methods which the teachers use and have a duty to provide in much the same way that employers have to provide special adaptations for disabled adults. The Learning Disabilities Association of America argues that the student from an early age should be subject to a curriculum that mirrors that of the child without disability, only with some accommodations and modifications may be necessary.They argue that these modifications should take the form of an Individual Education Programme whereby for students with reading difficulties or expression of comprehension through reading should have a mixture of one-on-one reading with a teacher and should also be provided with texts that are on tape so that they can follow along with the reading material. If the problem is of the memory or the inability to take down information, i.e. motor problems the teacher should provide a taped lesson for the child, teacher and parents to review at a speed whereby the child can than express their comprehension. If the motor skill impede too much then a special software programme through voice should be used. Also children with Dyspraxia at the foundation level may find expression easier by using other forms of expression, i.e. songs, rhymes, dances, tapes etc. Also along the same line to help expression of comprehension and teach how to express properly then using the other senses such as touch should be considered. These are teaching techniques that all children can use therefore this will not impede the other learners at the foundation level; as well as letting the teacher be more innovative and creative as well as building the blocks for the Individual Education Programme of the Dyspraxic child. The Australian Dyspraxic Support Group also advances techniques to help the child express their comprehension of the educative material. This group does not seem to indicate that there should be either specialized teaching or integration into the mainstream education system at the foundational levels. The aim seems to be to help the child and ensure that their intelligence is not impeded by stereotypes with putting the right teaching techniques with child. Therefore if it is motor based Dyspraxia it is to specialize teaching in developing the organization and capability of the planned expression of comprehension in the ways that the child can. If it is verbal Dyspraxia then development of the speech processes and other forms of communication should be developed and finally if it is oral Dyspraxia then written forms of communication should be used and also attempts to develop speech skills should be introduced. Therefore the use of sensory and taped materials would will really benefit the development of the child at the foundation level. Also to have integration will expose the child to mimic and use ways of communication that isolation would be unable to do so.Therefore one can infer that mainstream integration at the foundation levels would be the best approach. Belinda Hill advances in her article and research for the Dyspraxia Association of Ireland that technological aides can be used to integrate children with verbal and oral Dyspraxia. These aides include speaking computers, machines that enhance speech, machines that have a set response when a specific button is pushed, communication through symbols. These aides will help a child integrate and not feel lost in a world of communication. This would provide confidence and social development of a child which isolated education could not provide. The Dyspraxia Association of New Zealand advances a lesser advanced strategy but focuses on the necessity of the child be integrated into the mainstream educational system from the foundation level as their research shows that the best development of a child with this disability is to base the education as every other childs education the classroom teacher. The teacher would have to use a slightly different technique but evaluation and development should be on similar lines as other children. In their guidelines in what the teacher can do is as follows: Figure One What the Teacher can do: Make allowances, lower expectations in spite of child seeming bright enough. Allow more time. Adjust quantity of work. Give gentle reminders. Good teaching practices win every time. Listen to parent, who knows this child better than anyone ever will. Break tasks down into more manageable parts simplify! Dont assume the child has understood. Give single instructions rather than a string because If you treat the child the same as the others, his failure rate will be immeasurably higher than it needs to be. He knows that he is not the same; a higher failure rate means a very much lower self esteem, etc., etc. The key factor that this table shows is the child should not be segregated as it may reduce the self-esteem of the child and cause an inferiority complex. This will be interesting to contrast with the view of those who advance home schooling who believe that main stream education is disadvantaging children of all developmental elements. This will be the focus of the discussion, with a brief review of the literature in the following section. Yet the teaching techniques point to integration is possible maybe even favorable to that of specialized teaching. The key point is that integration should include an Individual Education Programme and understanding of the disability much in the same way that adaptations and understanding are essential to adaptations in the disability workplace as the following legal cases will illustrate. Therefore such a duty should be imposed on teachers for modifications if employers have a duty to their disabled employees; otherwise the arguments about the degradation of mainstream education will succeed. The issue of inequality in the workplace has long been established, along with the disabled because neither has been seen to be fully human in the same way as a man, because women may become pregnant and want maternity needs and the disabled person may need special needs or possibly fall ill. In reality able-bodied men may need paternity needs or fall ill, however this is not seen as likely for them and they provide the marker for how all other persons should be treated, even if disabled . This seems to be irrational thinking, but still a major concern with employers today, especially in relation to promotions and redundancies , yet the EAT has ruled that redundancies cannot occur due to disability, the question of reasonable adaptations have to be taken into account . The extent of reasonable adaptations was questioned in Kenny v Hampshire Constabularywhere it was determined that they are only reasonable in the doing of the job and easily adaptable but not to personal needs. In addition the employer has a defence of justificationagainst reasonable adaptation which makes the notion of reasonable adaptation pointless and returns to the objective marker as being the able bodied man , because the reasonable adaptation cases are too contradictory. This was recognized in Heinz v Kendrickwere it made a positive move forward in ensuring disability rights. . In 2001 this seems to have been tightened with the Cosgrove Casewhere it was held that an employer who fails to consider making adjustments as required by DDA 1995 s.6 cannot escape liability for that failure simply on the basis that the disabled employee was unable to suggest an appropriate adjustment. It has also been question what stipulates disabled, one test is the evidence of medical experts and not the opinion of the employer and tribunal; hence iterating an objective medical test . In Goodwin v Patent Officeit was held that: The Tribunal was wrong to focus on the fact that Mr Goodwin could cope unaided at home, and to assume from this that he therefore fell outside the definition of disability in the Act. The evidence was that Mr Goodwin was unable to hold a normal conversation, behaved strangely at times and had significantly impaired concentration. All this clearly pointed, on a broad and purposive interpretation of the Act, to his being disabled under the law. In Cruickshank v VAW Motorcarsa test was created to include various forms of disability, in addition to include the subjectivity of the individual as different disabilities or illness affect individuals in different manner; so the effect of the individual as well as the disability at the time of discrimination is taken into account. These cases should be taken into the education system to ensure along the same vein that teachers are endeavoring to integrate Dyspraxic children into the foundational levels of the education system, rather than leaving them on the side. This is key to the self-esteem and the development of a child who is of average or above intelligence but has problems in expression. In order to do this the child needs to be afforded substantive rights to appropriate education, much in the same way that the argument from home schoolers bases their argument; however as the discussion will illustrate the home-schooling or specialized education may be the only route if the appropriate attention and development of the education system is not attended to. The following section will consider some of the ethical literature with the problem of integration, if appropriate teaching methods and educational standard is not being afforded to children at the foundation levels (and beyond). Problems with Integration: The results may prove that it is not impossible for children with Dyspraxia to be integrated into the mainstream education system. Yet as the results also suggest although it is possible to integrate children with Dyspraxia into the mainstream education system it may not be in the best interests of the child. Also the other children in the system and the teacher have to be considered because if the teacher is not properly educated in teaching children with disabilities this means that the child will not receive the benefits of the integration, also either this child or the rest of the children will be deprived of the teachers attention. Also this may also add further stresses on the teachers resources and may impose too many duties on the teacher. As Aquinas points out the most important aspect about learning and education is self-development the attainment of the individuals perfection. This cannot always be dictated by mainstream education; therefore this discussion will introduce this angle into the conversation, which will be focused on the discussion. The union of soul and body is no chastisement of the soul but a salutary bond through which the human soul will reach its full perfection. This is not a theory forged expressly for the particular case of the soul. Rather, it is the case which is necessarily governed according to metaphysical principles, and their scope is universal. The less perfect is ordered toward the more perfect as toward its end; it is for it; not against it Each creature exists for its own act and its own perfection. Individuals exist for the perfection of the universe The reason for the existence of a determined substance or determined mode of existence is never to be found in an evil but in a good. This analysis of the human, as represented by Aquinas, as argued by Gilson portrays a notion of a higher purpose for each individual. This purpose links to the soul and is an integral part of Gods creation. Aquinas theory is entrenched in religious thought from the Catholic Church of the 13th Century; where science, theology, philosophy and politics where within the churchs domain and the central belief is that man was created for Gods purpose and life and death was His domain. The following exploration will consider the theological and philosophical concerns of Aquinas in relation to the individual and the idea of the body and life and attaining knowledge through education. The theological concern of Aquinas theory is the attainment of perfection, because in the nature of being each is at a different level of perfection with God as the Supreme Being. This is a very important part of Aquinas five ways, the basis of his cosmological and teleological arguments. Therefore this provides a modicum of self-determination at the hands of God; however humanity unlike the rest of Gods creations has been given freewill in order to attain a higher level of understanding and development to become further within the image of God, such as the occurrence within the Garden of Eden and the eating of the apple. In short Aquinas theory demonstrates that humanity was given freewill and the ability to attain knowledge in order to achieve the determined level of knowledge, perfection and understanding akin to the level of God; it is this that creates man in Gods image and it is such understanding which allows for the furtherance of scientific discovery; however there are problems when humanity intervenes into the sanctity of life and the determination of life and death; which is the domain of the Necessary Being, the Creator. Therefore how does this apply to schooling and education? The answer is specialized and integrated schooling is the best method for attaining this self-perfection, if non-integrated schooling is better then the arguments surrounding the notion of social development is null and void. As this chapter of the discussion will illustrate the method that is better method for children to retain knowledge and attain the goal of perfection. This discussion will aim to introduce the validity of integrating into mainstream education at the foundation level, because if is the method that the government wishes to take it should take into consideration not only if the teaching methods are available but whether this is in the best interests of the child especially when there are so many social problems in school; if this is going to hinder the childs development, especially one with a learning difficulty as Dyspraxia. So considering the arguments of cultural relativists will hopefully put the problem of mainstream integration into context because it takes away the specific needs of the culture; however this can be applied in the context where culture can be replaced by the society/community of children with Dyspraxia. The arguments from cultural relativists are the main set of criticisms of universal human rights, i.e. all laws and human development is focused on the rules and traditions of each culture and society. The first and most basic of rights freedom and autonomy in a secular state is criticized as very Eurocentric and fails to allow for cultural differences.The main part of universal human rights theory is based upon morality and the cultural relativist would argue that morality is subject to the culture, history and religious founding of each society.Therefore there are no human rights absolutes, that the principles which we may use for judging behaviour are relative to the society in which we are raised, that there is infinite cultural variability and that all cultures are morally equal or valid. This argument undermines the basis of all human rights theory because they all stem from the basis that there is a universal morality.Also it would view non-citizens as an area that each culture would deal with its own cultural norms.The main argument against universality in the 20th and 21st Centuries comes from the resistance to Western Economic Imperialism. Shestackillustrates Claude Levi-Strauss argument in the following manner all cultures and their differences need to be respected as equally moral to that of the West and that the Universality angle is just another attempt of the West imposing its morality on other cultures, which he believed must be stopped as other cultures should be allowed to develop and evolve naturally. Most would agree that the West should not impose its views, governance and culture upon other cultures.Human rights theorists are arguing that morality is outside and transcends these human constructions and is common to all persons, and not part of the development of a society, as cultural relativists would argue.Is it fair that in the name of cultural identity that repression should be allowed causing an obligatory homogeneity and diminishing the place of the individual in the calculus of identity politics?The most common answer would be no, no-one is saying that cultural identity should be obliterated instead that it is not part of the transcendental nature of the morality of basic human rights and freedoms.These rights and freedoms are not there to suppress culture but should be the logical ends for a culture to aspire to.As Shestackargues that violations of individuals rights are not affirmed in any valid culture and in fact the religions and culture basis itself on acting for t he good of its people and most confirmed relativist scholars are repulsed at practises which are highly coercive and abusive and accept that at least some human rights values are absolute. However, on the whole, the rights and development of each individual from a child is based upon the cultural norms, i.e. development is relative. The main attack on Universalism is the argument of cultural relativism; it has been argued that there are no universals and all rights are from the construction of society and culture.Therefore if women are treated inferior to their male counterparts, this is the construction of that society and the Western ideals have no right to interfere, as long as the women consent. This begs the question because there is no consent if a system has been biased against your identity for generations. The cultural relativist argument is so bound in the fact that basic universality comes from the Western Liberal tradition, that it has not taken time out to look at Eastern cultures and what they say are basic to the human being, although that discourse may not be based on autonomy or individuality, certain key ideas come through. Although not all cultures speak in the discourse of autonomy, arguably they do have the concept of equality and respect that indicates there are rights outside the culture and afforded to people on the essence of being human. Therefore if one assumes that culture equates to the community of Dyspraxic children then it is entirely possible that their needs will not be met in mainstream education. The discussion will further this and aim to show that this is not always the case with respect to the rights of the child and the rights of the teacher in mind. Chapter 3 Design of Study: This study is considering the approaches as well as the justification of integrating children with Dyspraxia in to the mainstream education system as the foundation level, as opposed to giving specialized teaching and integrating at a later stage. In order to do this is will discuss the practical adaptation to include children at the foundation level by considering a range of sources throughout the world that have provided teaching methods for children with Dyspraxia. These sources are internet based as the internet gives the widest range and up to date information on the teaching of children with Dyspraxia. This study has also considered the benefits of fitting children in the mainstream education system and asking the question whether this is in the best interests of the child, especially with the amount of literature suggesting that other forms of schooling, such as home schooling is a better option especially in a world where morals are degrading. This information is primarily from North America as a lot more home schooling is undertaken, in addition when considering the best interests of the child it is important to consider their rights and choices; as well as the parents, i.e. is it right to impose integration into the foundation system if it is not in the best interests of the child? Therefore an ethical, legal and social perspective has been considered. The rest of this study will now consider whether the aforementioned literature provides a system to whether the teaching methods of integrating children with Dyspraxia would be successful and even so would it be in the best inter ests of the child. Chapter 4 Methodology: This discussion will be from a theoretical level comparing and contrasting the different avenues presented to the state on the question whether to impose teaching methods to include children Dyspraxia into mainstream foundation curriculum or to provide specialized teaching. This discussion has assumed that this routine questioning necessarily imposes such a duty therefore the discussion surrounds the legal and ethical consequences of such a duty. This discussion is from a theoretical perspective and has not dealt with quantitative data; rather it deals with a qualitative approach considering the human rights, ethical and legal questions that arise from imposing teaching strategies to integrate children with Dyspraxia at the foundation level. It presupposes that such teaching methods if beneficial to the child will be imposed by the state. It excludes the possibility that the state will not impose these teaching even if it is the most beneficial course of action to the child. Also it does not include a quantitative and statistical approach to the question. The search for studies and appropriate research material is done via identifying four types of discussion area; the teaching methods that are available to the teacher; the impacts of the childs rights of imposing integration v the child rights if the child experiences specialized teaching; the legal implications of imposing new teaching methods and integration; and ethical considerations. The method of enquiry is as follows examining the problems and benefits of mainstream integration for all children, which may be exacerbated if the child is suffering from Dyspraxia. Then it considers the teaching methods that mainstream integration may utilize. Finally it will consider some of the legal, ethical and social problems of such integration; whereby a duty is imposed by the state to use teaching methods to integrate children into mainstream education at the foundation level curriculum. One also must consider the effects of these teaching methods on the children without the learning disability and the effects and possible additional stress on the teacher. This leads to considerations and consequences in the areas of human rights, the law and ethics will be the focus of the discussion. Chapter 5 Statement of Results: The results point to that as long as the appropriate teaching methods are being applied then integration is the best solution. Yet if the education system is degrading as the following proponents of home schooling advance then it is not in the best interests of the child to integrate at the foundation level because this essential to the whole of the childs educational future. The methods range from the simple, i.e. more attention, patience to aiding with reading and other methods of expression to the more technological, i.e. special computers, tape recordings and machines. The problem lies in whether the teacher can get these specialized technologies or has the time to spend extra time with a specific child. This may have a detrimental effect on the other children in the class; however if this special attention is not given then the child will be restricted and hindered and the most foundational years and methods of learning have been lost. This would then lead to the support of specialized teaching that home schoolers purport. The following discussion will explore this further. Chapter 6 Discussion: Integrating the child in the foundation level of education may or may not be beneficial to the child as it may hinder the long-term education of the child. Therefore prior to exploring the teaching strategies necessary to integrate children with Dyspraxia in the foundation level of the national curriculum, because if these teaching methods hinder the childs development then the teaching strategies have failed. In order to do this the literature surrounding the benefits of mainstream education, over specialized or home-schooling will be explored in the following discussion. Benefits v Disadvantages of Integration: Human beings have been sharing information and skills, and passing along to children whatever they knew, for about a thousand years now. Along the way they have built some very complicated and highly skilled societies. During all those years there were very few teachers in the sense of people whose only work was teaching others what they knew. And until very recently there were no people at all who were trained in teaching as such. People always understood, sensibly enough, that before you could teach something you had to know it yourself. But only very recently did human beings get the extraordinary notion that in order to be able to teach what you knew; you had to spend years being taught how to teach . Holt is an ardent believer in home schooling and proposes it has no effect on social development; rather it is a better method because it teaches children the reality of life, i.e. the juggling lifestyle with work and learning. In fact Holt proposes that it is the void of institutionalism of education that impedes social development . In addition Holt argues that home study teaches children about individualism and enhances their respect and understanding and human rights . However there are critics of Holts proposal and argue that such schooling teaches children that their individual needs are more important than the larger society and impedes the goals of democracy. Yet a question of social development in the modern world is inherently tied into childrens understanding of human rights and respect for the individuals; as well as adherence to law and governance in respect to promoting a civil society. However if home schooling was eliminated then the rights of the individual would be ignored and a move towards institutionalism and a void like understanding of humanity and social development would be created. Also if one connects such arguments to the essence of humanity, the best method for education and development of ones intellect should be followed, which is an objective goal. Also the argument from Franzosa is purely a westernized view of education and the combating views of democracy and individualism may not be appropriate in all cultures. Therefore this causes one to refer to cultural relativism, but as the previous argument shows individualism and human rights are present in all cultures. In short home schooling can aid children to respect and promote individualism and human rights within the context of their culture, rather than the objective, anti-social institutions of modern education. The problems of the anti-social system will be highlighted in the following discussions; as well as illustrating the problems with the development of children socially. This has resulted in a situation where; children are intimidated and bullied by other childrens anti-social behaviour; children lose the value of learning and the promotion of their intellect; parents become criminally liable for their childrens truancy even if they take all reasonable steps to promote attendance; children take guns into school and murder their peers on the masses; children are not taught to respect others human rights because these rights are eroded by the institution they attend; cultural learning and religion is eroded by a so called value-neutral approach, which in fact promotes westernized ideals; and the fairness and justice do not play apart in this institution. Therefore maybe Holt is right in his promotion of home schooling as an effective remedy for the problems in childrens social development.Franzosa argues that this argument is too simplified and a more complex, multifaceted approach to institutional education is necessary. Holts advocacy of a single solution to the multiplicity of problems we now face in education is nave and misleading. Further, the social thesis he uses to support that solution signifies a retreat from any collective consideration of educational ideals and a dismissal of the idea that communities have any educational responsibilities to their members.Rights are an especially problematic notion in the context of education.Thus within the framework of European Community law, the assertion of individual rights for the purposes of enforcement of obligations contained in Directives appears to be heavily constrained.Likewise, human rights perspectives introduced into UK domestic law under the Human Rights Act 1998 are likely to have a limited impact in the educational context. Rights in the context of the home schoolers have always been a source of contention between those advocating the right to choose home school and the law makers. To understand the fundamental principles of human rights one must look at the period surrounding the Enlightenment because this is the time when the individual became an important entity, no longer was the individual part of a class on a hierarchical structure, with rights relating to that class.The natural rights theorists aim was to show that man was born in a state of nature, and given the right to do as he/she wished as in accordance with the sanctity of human life, but this was sacrificed to the governance of the land, i.e. that the rational man would give up the state of freedom, for the security and safety of law, governance and sovereignty . Kants argument, which is more commonly known as Kants ethic , tries to get away from the needs, desires and wants, which are the basis of the rights from the state of nature.Instead it is an a priori ethic, which transcends all needs, desires, wants, purposes and end.In other words it is not part of human construction. In modern theories there are different strands of this Kantian argument; however they all base round a transcendental need for the autonomous nature of the individual to be free in society. Dworkin notion of human rights is as trumps; his theory will now be discussed in further detail. The basis for Dworkins endorsement of human rights is that every government must ensure that its citizens are given equality of respect and concern.Therefore the end of Dworkins means (of respect and concern) is basic human rights and freedoms.If the government does not have the means then there is no valid argument for these basic rights and freedoms in the framework of Dworkins theory. This theory unlike McDougals argument from dignity is not individualistic but in a more utilitarian frame and hence is promoting the general welfare of the society and focuses on the essence of personhood. Dworkin main focus is on the sanctity of the essence of the human life as the key factor for governmental protection. Therefore the quality of life can be sacrificed to ensure that every human life in the state is protected by the government. Dworkin does not champion the vague aspiration of liberty but more specific rights, such as the freedoms provided for in human rights treaties and conventions, e.g., speech, assembly, freedom, religionThese freedoms are the core to Dworkins theory and cannot be interfered with by the government; these rights are essential to ensure the general welfare of the society.Dworkins reasoning for not allowing government intervention is to ensure equal respect and concern; one must take into account external preferences that cause inequality, hence resulting in prejudice and discrimination that naturally arise in a modern multi-cleavaged society. Therefore to ensure these preferences do not override the general welfare of the society and individuals welfare certain key rights and the government, which in reality will reflect the majority not the minorities of society, cannot interfere with freedoms. Dworkins theory seems to encompass and amalgamate freedoms and rights with both autonomy and the general welfare of the society, which seems to incorporate ideas that the modern society wants to include without sacrificing one to other. Yet Dworkin purports universal human rights, stemming from respect and concern for others; which forms the base-line of his theory. Theorists such as McDougalwho believe that human rights are the ends of ensuring human dignity and worth and important to ensure that co-operation in the society is in the aid of dignity and human rights.The theorists have made a list of basic rights, needs and demands to ensure this dignity; however the top needs are respect, power, autonomyThese are the basic rights and freedoms that other human rights theories are aiming for.However this argument is not far from the core rights theorists, natural rights theorists and even the argument from justice and open to their criticisms.Also the form and lists of the elements and concept of dignity as described is based in a European religious beliefs and even the secular arguments have the tone of a Eurocentric belief system.However dignity is a concept in all cultures. Therefore as a parent of a child they should have the right to choose the method of development and the attaining perfection, i.e. knowledge. It should not be the governments determination but the parents in the case of a young child Modern utilitarian theorists have extended the theory of Bentham, but have put it in more modern terms.Instead of maximising the pleasures and desires of the individual the government would be maximising the general welfare of individuals therefore minimising frustration of wants and preferences . Therefore what one can see is that the governing bodies must put the general welfare first, yet minimise the individuals needs therefore causing a conflict of rights between what is in the name of the society and what the individual wants.The problems with this theory is it is socially constructed, there is no autonomy of being and no argument for universal rights that transcend all cultures and religions, therefore falling short of what is needed for an all-encompassing human rights theory, as the general welfare can be different for differing cultures. Rawls in his thesis for engendering human rights states that justiceis the prime basis of all government and to ensure justice human rights are the obvious means and end to ensure justice is fulfilled.Rawls theory is based on a few key ideas, which are the rights and duties of government/institution of society and the burdens and benefits of citizens co-operating. Rawls bases his theory that each individual has an inherent and inviolable being set in justice this being cannot be overridden for the welfare of the society.This theory does not fall foul to the arguments against modern utilitarianism.Rawls does use the social contract fiction of Hobbes and Locke, however the basis of moving from ignorance (state of nature) is reason and this reason set up on principles of justice that his social contract is based upon.These principles are; 1) that each person has basic rights and liberties in accordance with freedom; and 2) there is distributive justice, where inequalities are restraine d by the greatest benefit of least advantaged and each person has the condition of fair equality of opportunity.These principles cannot be derogated for the public good and liberty is the supreme principle. Therefore the parent should only have a limited right to choose if the welfare of the child and future social development is threatened, i.e. the government should step in and regulate the choice between home schooling and education in an institution. This means if the better option of education is in an institution then home schooling should be denied. The third part of Article 3 of the ECHR is protection from degrading treatment/punishment: Starmer describes this as degrading if it arouses in the victim a feeling of fear, inferiority capable of humiliating and debasing the victim and possibly breaking his/her physical or moral resistance. In order for punishment to be degrading and in breach of Article 3, the humiliation or debasement involved must attain a particular level of severity and must in any event be other than that usual element of humiliation inherent in any punishment .This area is where cases are decided upon their facts and can include; racial harassment , corporal punishment ; gross remarks that are defaming ; and police surveillance that borders on the extreme and unrelenting ; not allowing a person to change their clothes which have been dirtied by their own defecation ; and insufficient medical treatment for a serious illness . Also in these cases the vulnerability of the victim is essential, because if they are weaker in any manner this reduces the minimum standard to that class of persons . In the present era of bullying and intimidation of some children at school, parents have turned to protecting their child by removing them from institutions and educating them at home. This has been further the case since intimidation at schools is on the rise and the availability of punishment of trouble makers has been limited. The extent to which the school system is in crisis is that anti-social behavior orders can be made in schools and parents are becoming liable civilly and criminally for their childs truancy and behavior at school. Therefore this presents an effective argument for parents to home school in order for their children to attain knowledge and perfection, without the fear and intimidation that occurs at the hands of the less respectable members of the school community. In short do we want to possibly further hinder the community of children with Dyspraxia, without giving specialized teaching at the foundation level in order for integration to be complete. The above discussion has illustrated the problems with the current institutional system; as well as covering important concepts concerning development, such as the achievement of intellect and the cultural aspects of development. The current education system is the root of problems in respect to social development; therefore home schooling is regarded as an appropriate remedy. However such action is not appropriate for all families, which creates major implications for the future of childrens social development, i.e. creating a system where individuals are not respected and a totalitarian view of governance is the only method. As well as a place of possible fear for pupils and teachers and discipline is limited to a point where the parents become civilly and criminally liable for their childrens actions. Therefore creating a system that will overload and education, learning and social development is no longer an enjoyment; rather it is a chore forced upon individuals in a void, without the influences of cultural and religious learning. In short there needs to be an upheaval of the current system in order to promote other avenues for effective social development, which combines the large social integration with the principles that Holt proposes that home schooling brings to the childs development. This is because Holts view is too simplistic, which is also the view of the current educational system and possibly the reason that childrens social development is broken down: Franzosa focuses on Holts view of the irreconcilable conflict between the natural individual [child] and the oppressive and corrupting effects of organized social life What Franzosa identifies in Holt is in fact a romantic individualism that is as much a part of American thought as it is incompatible with social democratic theory These polarities of the individual good and the good of all that Franzosa identifies in Holts work take us to the heart of a tension that defines the public school system and many of the debates about it. One also has to consider whether it is affecting the social development of the child because to be taken out of the social structure of mainstream education at the lowest levels and then to integrate at a higher level may have long-standing effects on the childs social development especially with respect to bullying. This may create a void in the childs life. Also if one refers back to the basic idea that the Dyspraxia Association of New Zealand purported is: If you treat the child the same as the others, his failure rate will be immeasurably higher than it needs to be. He knows that he is not the same; a higher failure rate means a very much lower self esteem, etc., etc If there is no availability of modifications then the home schoolers argument is right; however the Dyspraxia Association of New Zealand is purporting integration but modifications provided by the teachers. This is to allow the child to learn to cope and integrate with the so called normal populace, which is important for foundational social development. Therefore the government should be providing and enforcing the resources and techniques for dealing with Dyspraxic children in the same way that they enforce the modifications for disabled persons in the work place. The regulations incorporated into the DDA 1995 in 2003 have gone further than inclusion of the excluded sectors it also gives legal rights from harassment, practical work placements and prohibition of disability discrimination. One must note that this better than the 1995 Act, however it only marginally equalizes the playing field with other disadvantaged groups such as women and it has been recognized that substantive rights are necessary.The government is suggesting a Draft Discrimination Disability Bill which will extend civil rights to disabled persons; however the problem with this approach are that disabled persons are citizens therefore should be extended the civil rights of citizens, but the government feels it is necessary to extend disabled persons civil rights? This is a very confusing prospect, because it means that disabled persons are not citizens or that they are lesser citizens such as children, which is wrong and should be equalized in the education system; especiall y in respect to ensuring that the appropriate level of education is enforced for children such as those with Dyspraxia. It is not enough to have possible teaching methods that conclude integration at the foundation level is possible because they may be ignored or used incorrectly. There should be a legal requirement to enforce these modifications if it is impossible then specialized teaching with slow integration should be advanced. In order to this substantive rights should be provided to these disabled children. In this sense it is necessary to advance substantive rights to these groups which properly level the playing field rather than affording rights which already are present as has been suggested by Ratna Kapur and Brenda Cossman: [Substantive equality] takes into account inequalities of social, economic and educational background of people and seeks the elimination of existing inequalities by positive measures The central enquiry of this approach is whether the rule or practice in question contributes to the subordination of the disadvantaged group. Accordingly discrimination consists of the treatment of disadvantages or further oppresses a group that has historically experienced institutional and systemic oppression. Conclusion: Therefore as the Learning Disabilities Association of America argue integration into the mainstream will provide children with disabilities, at the foundation level and beyond a balanced educational and social development as long as basic principles are applied; as well as intense educational methods which are reduced as the childs expression of comprehension develops and improves. The basic techniques are similar to the Dyspraxia Association of New Zealands approach, where the Learning Disabilities Association of America advises of the following techniques to teaching children with learning disabilities and the classroom as a whole: Figure Two Learning Techniques for Children with Learning Disabilites: a.broke learning into small steps; b.administered probes; c.supplied regular quality feedback; d.used diagrams, graphics and pictures to augment what they were saying in words; e.provided ample independent, well-designed, intensive practice; f.modeled instructional practices that they wanted students to follow; g.provided prompts of strategies to use; and h.engaged students in process type questions like How is that strategy working? Where else might you apply it? 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